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When the Mechanics' Theatre in Lower Abbey Street and an adjacent building in Marlborough Street became available after fire safety authorities closed it, Horniman and William Fay agreed to buy and refit the space to meet the society's needs. At first, they staged performances in the Molesworth Hall. They were joined by actors and playwrights from Fay's company. Lady Gregory pictured on the frontispiece to Our Irish Theatre: A Chapter of Autobiography (1913)Д®ncouraged by the St Theresa's Hall success, Yeats, Lady Gregory, Г†, Martyn, and John Millington Synge founded the Irish National Theatre Society in 1903 with funding from Horniman. This movement echoes Lady Gregory's commitment and determination to make the Abbey Theatre a theatre for the people. The founding of ThГ©Гўtre Libre in Paris in 1887 and the work of the Moscow Art Theatre in 1895 represented a challenge to a 'stale metropolitanism'. The founding of the Theatre is also connected with a broader wave of change found in European drama at the end of the nineteenth century. Her money helped found the Abbey Theatre and, according to the critic Adrian Frazier, would 'make the rich feel at home, and the poor-on a first visit-out of place.'

An acquaintance of Yeats from London circles, including the Order of the Golden Dawn, she came to Dublin in 1903 to act as Yeats' unpaid secretary and to make costumes for a production of his play The King's Threshold. The third base was the financial support and experience of Annie Horniman, a middle-class Englishwoman with previous experience of theatre production, having been involved in the presentation of George Bernard Shaw's Arms and the Man in London in 1894. The company continued at the Antient Concert Rooms, producing works by Seumas O'Cuisin, Fred Ryan and Yeats. The run was a great success, thanks in part to the beauty and force of Maud Gonne, who played the lead in Yeats' play. The performances played to a mainly working-class audience rather than the usual middle-class Dublin theatregoers. In April 1902, the Fays gave three performances of Г†'s play Deirdre and Yeats' Cathleen NГ Houlihan in St Theresa's Hall on Clarendon Street. Fay's Irish National Dramatic Company, focused on the development of Irish acting talent. After William returned to Dublin, the Fay brothers staged productions in halls around the city and eventually formed W. William worked in the 1890s with a touring company in Ireland, Scotland and Wales, while his brother Frank was involved in amateur dramatics in Dublin.

The second base involved the work of two Dublin directors, William and Frank Fay. Lady Gregory envisioned a society promoting 'ancient idealism' dedicated to crafting works of Irish theatre pairing Irish culture with European theatrical methods. Yeats in 1899-with assistance from George Moore-it presented plays in the Antient Concert Rooms and the Gaiety Theatre, which brought critical approval but limited public interest. Founded by Lady Gregory, Edward Martyn and W. The first was the seminal Irish Literary Theatre. The Abbey arose from three distinct bases. In addition, through its extensive programme of touring abroad and its high visibility to foreign, particularly American, audiences, it has become an important part of the Irish cultural brand.ДЄ poster for the opening run at the Abbey Theatre from 27 December 1904 to 3 January 1905 The Abbey served as a nursery for many of leading Irish playwrights, including William Butler Yeats, Lady Gregory, SeГЎn O'Casey and John Millington Synge, as well as leading actors. In its early years, the theatre was closely associated with the writers of the Irish Literary Revival, many of whom were involved in its founding and most of whom had plays staged there. Since July 1966, the Abbey has been located at 26 Lower Abbey Street, Dublin 1.

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The Abbey was the first state-subsidized theatre in the English-speaking world from 1925 onwards it received an annual subsidy from the Irish Free State. First opening to the public on 27 December 1904, and moved from its original building after a fire in 1951, it has remained active to the present day. The Abbey Theatre ( Irish: Amharclann na Mainistreach), also known as the National Theatre of Ireland ( Irish: Amharclann NГЎisiГєnta na hГ‰ireann), in Dublin, Ireland, is one of the country's leading cultural institutions. Joseph Holloway (1904), Michael Scott (1966)

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